14" Gun Barrel
1913: Mark I, Mod I:
First gun installed 5 March 1913, per "USS TEXAS General Information - finished plans 37 & 38".
All installed before October 1913, the sea trials off Rockland, Maine. 
At commissioning, the armament page of the deck log list only Mark I, Mod I .

1924:  Mark I, Mod 7: In Norfolk Navy Yard.

1935: Mark VIII (7), Mark X (2): In Bremerton Navy Yard.

October 1944:   Mark XII in New York Navy Yard.
International Warships claims 9 of the ship's original Mark 1 Mod 1 were installed but I challenge. 
The originals were not designed for the heavier AP shells and the105lbs bag (90lbs was used in 1914). Also 12 Mark XII were aboard upon arrival in Texas, on 17 Mar 1948. The article does not state when the Mk XII was installed and such a post-WWII change was not in the interest of the navy.
 
  COST  
  MARK I:  $62,208 - "Navy Yearbook - 1910"  
     
  Liner Replacement  
  Mark I: 150 firings
Mark XII: 250 firings
 
     
  Profile:  Mark I  
  "The Bluejackets Manual", 1917, 4th edition  
  Gun Description  
  "The Bluejackets Manual", 1917, 4th edition